A study published in Avian Research demonstrates that the Hide-in-Bird Pond (HIBP) model, a community-based, grassroots avitourism initiative in which local communities establish artificial ponds and feeding stations to attract avian species for non-invasive observation and photography, has proliferated rapidly across China. 

The HIBP model supports substantial avian diversity while concurrently generating supplementary rural income. The study, conducted by researchers from the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, constitutes the first national-scale assessment of this decentralized conservation-tourism framework.

Through semi-structured interviews with 98 operators and spatial analysis, the researchers identified 251 HIBP sites across 24 provinces, approximately 40% of which are in Yunnan Province. Collectively, these sites documented 524 bird species, representing approximately 36% of China's total avifauna. This includes 148 species that are either nationally protected or globally threatened. Importantly, 72% of the sites were located within 5 km of protected areas and 87% were situated in regions previously identified as economically disadvantaged. This highlights a significant spatial overlap between the HIBP model and areas characterized by high biodiversity and socioeconomic marginalization.

The findings suggest that HIBP could be a viable platform for reconciling ecological conservation with sustainable development by providing households with an alternative to resource-dependent livelihoods. However, the study also highlights potential risks associated with the absence of standardized management protocols, systematic ecological monitoring, and effective regulatory oversight. Without appropriate governance frameworks, such practices may lead to certain unintended ecological and management consequences.

The researchers call for science-based guidelines, registration systems, and adaptive management to ensure ecological integrity and long-term sustainability. This study offers evidence-based insights into how community-driven ecotourism can support international biodiversity goals, such as those outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, while promoting rural revitalization in regions with high biodiversity.

Hide-in-Bird Pond (HIBP) model (Image by KIZ)