Based on an early geochronological study, the Lvhe coal mine strata were identified as late Miocene and belonging to the Xiaolongtan Formation. Previous research on the Lvhe sediments has led to the discovery of numerous fossils, such as woods, leaves, and fruits. Nevertheless, no fossil insects have been discovered so far from the succession. 

In a study published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, researchers from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences presented first report of extensive arthropod and fungal traces in the Oligocene Lvhe flora and showed a new wood fossil record of Taxodioxylon in this region. 

The Cupressaceae fossil tree stumps from the early Oligocene Lvhe coal mine in southwestern China contain abundant quartz-petrified damage traces. The researchers assigned the wood fossils to Taxodioxylon sp., an affinity to extant Taxodiaceae (now in Cupressaceae) as it contains all listed characters of this family. It shows little resemblance to Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia, Sequoia, Metasequoia, Taiwania, and the other listed fossil species. 

The Taxodium-like deciduous Cupressaceae fossil wood in the coal mine, together with other reported fossil Cupressaceae genera in Yunnan Province, represent relict plants that once dominated the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. 

"This first-ever report of Taxodium-like fossil from the Oligocene of southwestern China points to Yunnan serving as a refugium for some lineage of gymnosperms at that time," said SU Tao of XTBG. 

"Our work provides new insights into the sedimentary environment and herbivorous activities within the Oligocene Lvhe flora," said SU Tao.