Researchers from the Wuhan Botanical Garden (WBG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a promising strategy for restoring diverse and resilient submerged plant communities in eutrophic lakes, addressing a long-standing challenge in aquatic ecosystem restoration: the tendency of submerged plant communities to become dominated by a single species, which can compromise the long-term health and stability of the lake ecosystem.

The study, published in the Journal of Environmental Management, found that plant height-based functional classification more accurately predicts plant growth responses to community structure and water depth.

The researchers categorized eight submerged macrophytes into "long species" (e.g., Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton wrightii ), which can form surface canopies, and "short species" (e.g., Vallisneria spp.), which are distributed in the lower water column. Notably, P. maackianus, despite its morphological similarities to long species, exhibited response patterns characteristic of short species. This exception highlights the necessity of using ecological function rather than static morphology to guide species selection in restoration practice.

The study showed that by creating a more uniform underwater environment, the rosette forming communities (ROs) buffer the stress of deep water, minimize plant biomass differences between depths, and reduces competitive imbalances between long and short species. Consequently, the total biomass becomes more comparable across growth forms, facilitating species coexistence.

By contrast, canopy-forming community structure (CAs) created "low light-low oxygen" microenvironments through intense vertical light competition, thereby significantly inhibiting the subsequent colonization of both long- and short-species. This inhibitory effect intensified with increasing water depth, whereas ROs demonstrated consistent environmental buffering capacity across depths.

These findings suggest prioritizing rosette-forming species as "foundation species" in restoration practice. By modifying microenvironmental conditions, these communities create a suitable habitat for neighboring macrophytes, offering a practical strategy to break through the bottleneck of monospecific dominance and improve plant diversity in eutrophic lakes. 

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Plant height and biomass allocation characteristics of long and short species (Image by WBG)