CAS scientists from different scientific disciplines have made contributions to the largest ever protection project of the world-famous Mogao Grottoes in northwest China.
Located in a suburb of Dunhuang, the city used to be an important station on the ancient Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes (also known as the Caves of Thousand Buddhas) consists of a total of 735 caves of successive dynasties starting from the fourth century AD. Inside the caves, there are frescos covering an area of 45,000 square meters, and 2,400 colored Buddha statues. The Grottos were listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1987.
However, as it is situated on the edges of the Taklamakan Desert, these prestigious caves are under the threat of strong winds and sandstorms. Furthermore, the increasing number of visitors to the Grottoes have changed their temperature and humidity, making greatly damages to the inside statues and frescos.
Realizing the danger, the Chinese Government has made great efforts to reduce the effect of the worsening environment. In February, the National Development and Reform Commission gave the green light to the proposal on a 261-million yuan research project on comprehensive protection and utilization of the Grottoes. The initiative is slated to contain a number of subcomponents, including digital display, sandstorm control, bedrock and plank roadway consolidation, and security network.
CAS researchers have been actively involved in the feasibility studies of the project. For instance, in cooperation with colleagues in Dunhuang Academy, scientists with the CAS Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute have been engaged in the early-stage research against the wind and sandstorm hazards in an attempt to build up a system for the shrine's comprehensive protection. One other example is the attempt of scientists with the CAS Institute of Computing Technology on developing a virtual museum for the Grottos.