Advances achieved on studies of East Asian mtDNA phylogeny
A group of geneticists at the CAS Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) succeeded in advancing human knowledge on the East Asian phylogeny of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Their work has been published by the internationally prestigious journal Human Molecular Genetics. The work was finished by Dr. Kong Qingpeng under the guidance of Prof. Zhang Yaping, a CAS member.
The exploration of human mtDNA is an essential research topic not only for evaluating the pathogenic role of specific mtDNA mutations, but also for performing the studies to reliably associate mtDNA haplogroups with some complex human diseases. In the recent years, the main features of the East Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny have been identified through the approach of complete genomic sequencing with the exception of some basal lineages which are still undetermined. What is worse, apparently, the recently published mtDNA sequences do not fit into the known phylogenetic tree and instead, they run counter with the established nomenclature. In order to refine the East Asian mtDNA tree and resolves the confusion of nomenclature, the KIZ researchers first completely sequenced 20 mtDNAs which were carefully selected as the possible candidates of representatives from novel sub-haplogroups and then the researchers applied a motif-search procedure to a large collection of samples in a bid to distinguish haplogroup-diagnostic mutations from private variants. The novel information was incorporated into an updated East Asian mtDNA tree composed of more than 1,000 (near-) complete mtDNA genomes. A reassessment of the mtDNA data from a series of human disease studies testified to the usefulness of such a refined mtDNA tree in evaluating the pathogenicity of mtDNA mutations. In particular, a claimed pathogenic role of some mutations e.g. G3316A, T3394C, A4833G and G15497A appears to be the most questionable as those initial claims were derived from anecdotal findings rather than well-designed association studies. Following a guideline based on the phylogenetic knowledge as proposed above could be of help avoiding similar problems in the future studies.