Urine Diagnosis for Cancer
The key to saving the life of a person suffering from a malignant tumor lies in early diagnosis and surgery. Chinese scientists have developed a new method of diagnosing cancer by analyzing a person’s urine. This feat was acclaimed by a panel of experts at a meeting organized the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in July 30 in Dalian, in northeast China’s Liaoning Province.
The study, titled “Methodology studies on cancer diagnosis and the follow-up of cancer patients based on analysis of urinary nucleosides,” was conducted by a research team headed by Prof. Dr. Xu Guowang, a specialist in chromatographic analysis at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, in cooperation with Dalian Medical University and Medizinische Klinik, Tuebingen, Germany.
Nucleosides, found in nucleic acid, are the building blocks of all living phenomena. During the process of cell proliferation, a great number of nucleosides are produced. Some of them are normal ones, and useful for forming new cells, while others, dubbed modified nucleosides, are useless. Modified nucleosides are chemically stable. They can neither be downgraded by metabolism nor consumed by the new cells, and are mostly discharged from the human body in the urine. The content level of modified nucleosides in urine could indicate the metabolic speed of ribonucleic acid. When a carcinogenetic process occurs in the human body, the content of modified nucleosides both in blood and in urine will increase rapidly. Based on this mechanism, scientists suggest that it is possible to use modified nucleosides in blood or urine as indications of a tumor.
The research team has taken the lead in developing a stable method for the detection of urinary modified nucleosides, according to the panel, which is chaired by Prof. He Anguang, an expert on tumor pathology and molecular epidemiology from China Medical University, Shenyang. It is also the first successful attempt to establish a multi-variable detection and analysis system for urinary modified nucleosides by combining principal component analysis (PCA) or artificial neuron network (ANN) with the capillary electrophoresis (CE) or high-performance liquid chromatography.
In this way, the carcinoma could be diagnosed. The clinic practice in Dalian Medical University’s affiliated hospitals has shown that the new method had a successful rate of over 70% when it was applied to 700 patients and 300 healthy people, according to Xu.
The method has several advantages over the existing ones, the panel noted. Probably, it will be used as an effective tool for the initial screening of potential patients, as it features a wide spectrum of applicability for diagnosis, high sensitivity, convenience of access to the sample for examination, low cost, and easy conservation of the sample, they added.
The new method for detecting cancer using observation of urine is conducive to our struggle against the scourge, says Xu. Now, Prof. Xu and his research team are striving to further perfect their work and speeding up the tempo for its clinical application and commercialization. (Guo Haiyan & Zhao Baohua)