China to Launch First Mars Probe in October of 2009
China's first Mars probe, "Yinghuo-1", is expected to be launched in October this year, said an official of the Shanghai Academy of Space flight Technology (SAST) recently on the third Shanghai International Aerospace Technology and Equipment Exhibition.
The probe had passed test of the research phase, and will be launched by a Russian carrier rocket, accompanied by the Russian aerocraft "Phobos-Grunt".
"The Mars travels near the earth every two years, and this year would be a good chance for the launching," said Chen Changya, deputy designer of the probe mission and researcher of SAST.
Initiated by Shanghai Space Administration, the China-made probe is developed by a number of organizations, including the Center of Space Science and Applied Research with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Meteorological Observatory.
"Yinghuo-1" would go into Mars orbit in 2010 after an 11-month, 356-million-kilometer journey, according to Chen. "Yinghuo-1" will explore Mars while the Russian craft will land on Phobos to explore the environment and take soil samples.
"We hope to explore the spatial environment there, the secrets behind the disappearance of water, and the features of evolution," said Chen. This will be the first of China's three Mars-probe steps--"orbit, land and return".
The China-made probe -- 75 centimeters long, 75 centimeters wide, 60 centimeters high and weighing 110 kilograms -- was designed for a two-year mission, said Chen. Two cameras on "Yinghuo-1" will take photos of Mars and Phobos, and the data collected will be sent back to earth for analysis.
After completing it mission, "Yinghuo-1" will be left in the space forever.
And now, "Yinghuo-1" has made all preparations and is waiting for the transportation to Moscow. The probe will be launched in Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan after joint-pro-test by Chinese and Russian researchers.
China still needs to achieve breakthroughs in three key technologies of remote observation and control, automatic control and heat control, added Chen.
China and Russia agreed to jointly send a probe to Mars and its moon, Phobos, in June 2007.
Though China is relying on Russia for the launching, tracking and controlling of the micro-satellite, the Mars probe project is still regarded as a milestone that will take the country one big step further in deep-space exploration.
The country could explore Mars independently if it developed launch technology, and use the tracking experience from the lunar mission, he said.
Jiao Weixin, a space scientist at Peking University, cautioned that the failure rate of Mars missions is high - of the more than 30 orbiters launched, about two-thirds have failed. Currently, only three orbiters and two rovers are operating.
China may need 20 years before it can launch its own Martian expedition independently, said Jiao. "China-made carrier rocket and deep space communication network are all needed for improving the probe's tracking communication ability. And these are all key challenges we have to conquer before we can succeed." International cooperation may be a shortcut, Jiao believes.