Sino- American Paleontologists Found Tyrannosaur Fossils in China
Chinese and American archeologists excavated a treasure trove of dinosaur skeletons from Early Cretaceous rocks in the gobi desert near the ancient Silk Road city of Jiayuguan, northwest China's Gansu Province.
The newly found fossil which shows close links to the meat-eating Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur, was named Xiongguanlong baimoensis by scientists. It indicated an animal standing five feet (1.5 meters) tall from head to hip and weighed close to 600 pounds (270 kilograms). It had a skull over a foot and half in length and was armed with more than 70 teeth.
Large tyrannosaurs that lived near the end of the age of dinosaurs have been known to science for over a hundred years, and the last decade has witnessed the discovery of some of the earliest tyrannosaurs from China and England. However, until recently there was a huge gap between these early and late chapters of tyrannosaur evolutionary history.
The discovery would provide the "missing link" in the fossil record of tyrannosaur dinosaurs, said scientists. "Xiongguanlong sheds light on the missing 40 to 50 million years of tyrannosaur evolution."
Xiongguanlong is unusual among tyrannosaurs in having a very long and narrow snout, rather than a wide, massive skull optimized for powerful biting as seen in T.rex. Despite this difference, Xionguanlong does mark the earliest appearance of several hallmark traits of larger, geologically younger tyrannosaurs, including a short, broad braincase, broad struts of bone near the temples, expanded areas for jaw muscle attachment on the skull roof, modified "nipping" teeth at the front of the mouth, and expanded vertebral structures to support a large head.
"Xiongguanlong underscores that tyrannosaurs started as small to mid-sized predators, but a number of the traits related to the enormous bite forces of T. rex were already evident at this relatively early stage of tyrannosaur evolution," noted Mark Norell of the American Museum of Natural History in New York, a member of the team that worked on the dinosaurs.
The discovery is described in technical publications published on-line in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B this week. The papers will appear in print later this year in a special volume entitled "Recent advances in Chinese palaeontology."
Abstract Link: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2009/04/17/rspb.2009.0249.abstract?sid=8322d171-e133-431d-a019-79f76c803199