Special Session of XSSC focuses on devastating earthquake in Wenchuan
An emergency session of the Xiangshan Science Conferences (XSSC) was held in Beijing, on 19 May, the seventh day of the earthquake in Wenchuan County in Sicnuan Province which rocked half of the Asian continent.
The meeting brought together more than 40 experts in seismology and geophysics to discuss China's most destructive tremor since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949.
Under the theme of the Formative Mechanism & Scientific Analysis of the Consequent Aftermath of the Mega-earthquake in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, the participants made an exhaustive and multi-disciplinary scrutiny on the disastrous seism's early warning and all-round assessment of its devastating consequences. Some scientists working or residing in the quake-hit areas brought in a great number of first-hand data on the killer quake to the meeting, which was presided over by three authoritative scientists: Prof. ZHANG Peizhen from the State Bureau of Seismology (SBS), Prof. XU Zhiqin with the China Academy of Earth Sciences and Prof. WANG Guangqian with Tsinghua University.
At the meeting, three keynote reports were given respectively by Profs. ZHANG Guomin with SBS, WANG Guangqian and XU Zhiqin under the titles of "A brief introduction of the Wenchuan Earthquake at 8th Magnitude on the Richter Scale,""The Wenchuan Mega-earthquake & Water Conservancy Projects," and "Tectonic Background, Seismic Fractures & Analysis of the Aftershocks in the Wenchuan Mega-earthquake."
In his roundup report, Prof. Xu presented his idea that the tremor resulted from the eruptive displacement occurring in the Yingchuan-Beichuan Fault which is located in the Longmenshan nappe structure belt at the eastern fringe of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the fracture's chief role was a reverse thrusting reaction overlapped with a clockwise component of slipping-off. According to LIU Jing with the CAS Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Research, the earthquake poses a theoretical challenge to the prevailing view on the lower mantle's flowing model. Also in the discussion, the experts universally maintained the whole process of the tectonic fracture in the Wenchuan mega-earthquake was extremely complicated but they were convinced that it would be conducive to raising the precision level in the prediction of such a destructive tremor if all materials and data obtained before and after the quake are sorted out, analyzed and summarized in an all-round way.
Experts present at the meeting came to a consensus in making the following suggestions: the studies on the sequence of the serialized aftershock activities have to be strengthened; it is advisable to strive to carry out the effective forecasting of the quake's powerful aftershocks with tangible and substantial effects. They urged the related governmental departments to summon and organize scientists to make investigative surveys of the Wenchuan earthquake, probing the tectonic causes responsible for the disaster, the structure of the fractured belt and its dynamic process. The theoretical exposition should be highlighted in the following questions: the formative mechanism of the nappe structure thrusting earthquakes and objective laws on the powerful even disastrous outbreaks of these quakes; comprehensive estimate of the losses and damages caused by a destructive quake and its devastating mechanisms. In the aspect of the field work for monitoring and on-the-spot observation, the following investigative subjects must be stressed: the correct and timely diagnosis on a reservoir's damaged conditions, the possible collapse of the barrier lakes formed by a stemmed river flow by landslides as a result of the powerful earthquake, preventive measured designed to get rid of all secondary calamities after the massive earthquake. The last but not least, a nationwide survey on the anti-quake safety of all public buildings such as premises in primary and middle schools and hospitals must be carried out in earthquake-prone localities or areas potentially situated in places likely hit by high earthquake intensities throughout the country.