Researchers with the Lanzhou-based CAS Institute of Modern Physics have made encouraging progress in the plantation and industrialization of sweet sorghum. After many years of hard work, they have come up with technical solutions to the cultivation, storage, fermentation of the promising non-grain candidate for energy crops.
Sweet sorghum,
Sorghum bicolor (Moench) L., is a variant with strong photosynthetic efficiency, high biological yield, strong resistance and extensive adaptability. Its growth only consumes one third of water needed for cultivating maize while its stalk yield can reach as high as 150 tons per hectare. Rich in sucrose, fructose and glucose, its juice is an ideal biomass feedstock for alcohol fermentation and yeast cultivation. In addition, the by-product “distiller's grain,” generated from fermented sweet sorghum is an ideal feed for cattle and sheep, providing an abundant source of raw materials for the development of animal husbandry.
In northwest China, there are sprawling sandy and salinized wastelands suitable for its plantation because they are rich in solar light and characterized with a huge temperature disparity between day and night. Over the last decade, scientists with the Lanzhou institute succeeded in improving the high-sugar and top-quality varieties of the crop with the aid of the technology of heavy-ion irradiation. Based on this, they cultivated a new strain that could mature 20 days earlier than the ordinary ones. The success leads to a satisfactory solution to the long-standing poser caused by the early advent of hoarfrost in northwest China.
The Lanzhou scientists also solved the technical poser of long-time storage of the sorghum juice and succeeded in reviving the operation of a distillery with an annual capacity up to 3,000 tons. Its trial operation resulted in a brewing success by manufacturing end-product of alcohol up to 95% in purity through a course of tripartite distillation during 16 hours for the fermenting time. It is expected to promote production of the ethanol fuel from non-grain crops.