An overview of DNA-repair systems and emerging anticancer targets.
CAS researchers have recently raised a hypothesis to circumvent tumor resistance to radio- and chemo-therapy and to enhance the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents by interfering with DNA repair. "There are emerging anticancer therapeutic opportunities in targeting DNA-repair systems," they asserted.
DING Jian and his colleagues from the CAS Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), a part of the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, discussed the idea in their recent review article "Emerging cancer therapeutic opportunities target DNA-repair systems" that has been published in the June issue of the journal
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences.
DNA-damaging agents play a mainstay role in non-surgical cancer treatment. The balance between DNA damage and repair determines the final therapeutic consequences. An elevated DNA-repair capacity in tumor cells leads to drug or radiation resistance and severely limits the efficacy of these agents. Interference with DNA repair has emerged as an important approach in combination therapy against cancer. Anticancer targets in DNA-repair systems have emerged, against which several small-molecule compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials.
At present, several promising targets in DNA-repair systems have been pinpointed as potential adjuvant therapies that would significantly improve the therapeutic index of DNA-damaging agents in the clinic, including O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Developed by the SIMM,
Salvicine is a novel anticancer drug by inhibiting topoisomerase II, an enzyme involved in the relaxation of DNA during DNA replication and transcription. It is unique due to the prominent feature of its DNA damaging and repair interfering as well.