A VLT image of GRB060218 (marked with red arrow).
Teaming up with colleagues from Europe, Japan, and US, Dr. DENG Jinsong from the National Astronomical Observatories at CAS (NAOC) has made new progress in revealing the mechanism behind the origin of the long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are short-lived, localized, and intense bursts of gamma radiation that originate outside our Milky Way galaxy from sources yet to be understood by astronomers. The work entitled "A neutron-star-driven X-ray flash associated with supernova SN 2006aj" was reported in August 31 issue of
Nature.
GRBs occur at very large distances, usually several billion light years away. As the most luminous physical phenomenon in the universe known to astronomers, it can release, within dozens of seconds, a huge amount of energy, equivalent to the sum of the visible light emitted by our galaxy in several years.
Scientists have long been puzzled by how the large amount of energy turns into gamma rays in an instant and there have been many theories to explain GRBs. Studies over the past decade indicate that they may be "cosmic fireworks" composed of ultrarelativistic jets "released" from a black hole in the twinkling of the final death of a massive star before exploding into a supernova.
To understand the mystery, an international consortium led by Dr. Elena Pian has carried out obervations on GRB 060218, a X-ray flash (XRF) detected by the Burst Alert Telescope on board the NASA's Swift Spacecraft on Feb. 18, 2006. XRFs are a special kind of GRBs whose nature are even more elusive. The astronomers made follow-up observations on an associated supernova named 2006aj with the European Southern Observatory's 8.2-m Very Large Telescope, providing the strongest evidence yet that supernovae and XRFs are linked.
A theoretical and numerical simulation of the related data on the new supernova has been carried out by Dr. Deng and Dr. Paolo Mazzali from Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany. They reveal that, the supernova 2006aj has less matter ejected by itself when compared with other GRB-associated supernovae. Based on this, it is calculated that its progenitor star had a mass of only about 20 times the Sun's mass and a star with such a mass cannot form a black hole which is known for its infinite density, but ending in a neutron star instead after its "death." According to this scenario, the article argues, the central engine of the X-ray flash should be a newborn neutron star with powerful magnetic emission and rotating at a high speed up to milli-seconds in its rotation period. Such a bizarre star has a magnetic field intensity on its surface as high as millions of billion times of that of the Earth or the Sun. The energy amount taken from the dipolar radiation of its magnetic field can easily drive the GRB event to appear and trigger the birth of the accompanied supernova.
Sky-watchers and astronomers at NAOC and Nanjing University are now furthering their observation and theoretical exploration of the GRB 060218.