Chinese scientists have recently completed sequencing mitochondrial genome of the Tibetan antelope, an endangered animal on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
The research was jointly carried out by scientists from the CAS Beijing Genome Institute (BGI), the CAS Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Qinghai University and the CAS Kunming Institute of Zoology.
The researchers made a detailed investigation of the animal's mitochondrial genome and made a comparative study on its mitochondrial genetic sequence with that of its lowland cousins and other mammals. The investigation shows the animal has a similar order with other mammals in its mitochondrion's genetic code. Its genome length is 16498bp and because of tandem duplications, the control region of its mitochondrial genome is shorter than those of sheep and goat but longer than those of common cattle, yak and water buffalo. An analysis on its molecular phylogeny suggests that it is more closely related to sheep and goat rather than those species of the antelope subfamily in terms of genetic affinity. At the same time, the researchers estimated that the date of its divergence from the family of sheep or goat is about 2.25 million ago. From the evolutionary analysis of its 13 mitochondrial subunits, the scientists discovered that its cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) might have undergone positive selection just as yak and other livestock native to the Plateau do as a result of all of theme being well-adaptive to the harsh environment on the "Roof of the World."
The Tibetan antelope (
Pantholops hodgsonii) is a rare, endangered and endemic ruminant native to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the first-grade State Protection. Its main habitats are distributed in Qinghai Province, Tibetan Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in hinterland China. Because its existing population has less than 100,000 individuals, it has been listed in the red book decreed by the Convention of International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES) and any commercial activities on it and its derivatives are strictly banned in the international arena. Due to its unique living habits and inhabiting setting, there is no report on its successful breeding in captivity such as in a zoo or any man-made sanctuaries. Our understanding about the habits and characteristics of this precious species is very limited and so far little research work has been carried out.
The results from this project are of uncommon significance in making clear the unique mechanism governing its living pattern in a bid to adapt itself to the high-altitude environment, its characterization and effective protection. To solve the questions and issues cropping out from the latter aspects, the research team has been well-prepared to launch a follow-up research initiative in their further exploration efforts.
The research results have been reported at the recent issue of
Genomics, Proteomics & Bio-informatics (GPB), a journal sponsored by BGI, and could be downloaded free from the GPB website and PubMed/MEDLINE.