With the water level reaching 135 meters in the Three-Gorges Reservoir on June 10, the first phase of the world's largest dam scheme has been completed. Scientists increasingly see it as a valuable chance for conducting habitat fragmentation studies.
With the water level reaching 135 meters in the Three-Gorges Reservoir on June 10, the first phase of the world's largest dam scheme has been completed. Scientists increasingly see it as a valuable chance for conducting habitat fragmentation studies. In an article published in the 23 May issue of
Science, a group of CAS botanists call for international cooperation on the subject.
The Three-Gorges Reservoir covers an area of 58,000 square kilometers in south-central China, where biodiversity is among the richest in China and the diversity of genera and families the highest in the world. The water storage in the reservoir, which is due for completion in 2009 when the water level will finally reach 175 meters, may make more than 100 mountain tops modern land bridge islands, areas that used to be connected to a mainland but have become isolated.
Besides grave concerns about impacts of the land bridge islands on the local ecosystem, there is a sense of excitement about the chance to develop and test theories regarding biodiversity and ecosystem services and habitat fragmentation, the process by which a formerly continuous area of habitat is broken into discontinuous fragments. "It is an extraordinary opportunity for a grand-scale fragmentation experiment,"note WU Jianguo, Guest Professor at CAS and his colleagues at the CAS Institute of Botany.
The world's largest dam is not only a demonstration of the mighty power of humanity; it can and should become a unique and rich source of information for understanding and conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services, assert the researchers. To take advantage of this opportunity, international funding and long-term collaborations are needed.
With the support from the CAS knowledge innovation program and National Natural Science Foundation of China, the researchers have conducted initial surveys in the region, collecting and compiling past and current ecological data in local areas before the dam is fully completed. They are planning to measure ecological variables on the habitat islands, including species composition and diversity, population demography of dominant species, community trophic structure, plant growth rates, and ecosystem properties. It will also possible, the researchers believe, to determine if the species-area relation changes significantly over time. In addition, they hope to establish long-term monitoring programs with permanent field sites to test hypotheses concerning fragmentation effects and biota relaxation.