The scientific research of CAS suffered profound damages during the "Cultural Revolution and its budget of 1967 was only 16% of that in 1965.

　　In extreme hardship during that period, CAS scientists, based on their research in the past decade, still achieved some high-level results, such as 109C computer, "the meritorious computer to the development of nuclear bombs, missiles and satellites," synthesized Artemisia apiacea and synthesized Artemether, which is the first worldly acknowledged synthesized drug from China and is listed by WHO as the No.1 anti-malaria drug.

　　In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai campaigned the whole nation against the "ultra-leftist ideology in an effort to rectify the mistakes made during the "Cultural Revolution". And in 1974, he set the goal of "Four Modernization Drive". In 1975, Mr. Deng Xiaoping resumed to power and carried out overall rectification. It was in CAS that all their endeavors were started, showing the great foresight and expectations the central government had on CAS for its important role and functions and for the promotion of S&T in the development of national economy.

　　In 1975, Mr. Hu Yaobang was appointed to preside over CAS with the instruction of the Party leadership: "CAS should be rectified and its leadership be reinforced. Under the auspices of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the well-known "Report Guideline" was drafted.

　　In 1977, Mr. Fang Yi was appointed as CAS president. Much effort was made to reinforce the leadership, to set to right what had been thrown into disorder, to implement right policies to intellectuals, and to rebuild research institutions.