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| Exploration and Development (1956 - 1966) |
| 2009-08-26 |
In 1956, the Campaign of "Marching towards Modern Science" was announced by the central government:
"The Chinese Academy of Sciences should be reinforced with great efforts and be the driving force for the upgrading of the national scientific research and for the training of young academic professionals."
12-year Foresight Program for the S&T Development was formulated;
Under the direct leadership of the central government,thousands of scientists were involved in the formulation of the program;
13 areas and 57 key projects identified, disciplinary development program of basic research drawn up, including those emerging areas of atomic energy, semi-conductors, electronic computer;
A solid foundation and far-reaching impact for China's S&T development;
Urgent Measures to the Development of Computing Technology, Semiconductor Technology, Radio Electronics, and Automation & Remote Controlling Technology (the Four Urgent Measures) -- a proposal submitted to the central government by scientists during the formulation of the foresight program;
Great attention from the central government;
Responsibility on CAS to co-ordinate and implement the program;
A solid foundation for the development of computing technology, semiconductor technology, radio electronics, and automation in China;
Essential S&T backing to the atomic bomb, carrier missile and satellite development programs, and to the modernization of industry, agriculture and national defense.
"Nuclear Bomb, Missile & Satellite" Programs
Chairman Mao and the central government made a decision in the mid 1950s to develop atomic bombs for the sake of national defense after consulting with Chinese scientists. CAS was fully engaged in the program with its research strength.
In 1956, Prof. Qian Xuesen, then Director of CAS Institute of Mechanics, made a proposal to develop missile technology, "Proposal on the Establishment of China's Aerospace Industry for National Defense", which was approved by the central government. CAS participated in the program with its buildup strength such as in mechanic research.
In 1958, with the proposal from Prof. Zhao Jiuzhang, then Director of CAS Institute of Geophysics, the central government agreed to develop a man-made satellite with CAS as the leading research force. CAS, once again, played an important role with its integrated research strength and laid a solid foundation for the development of China's space technology.
CAS three priorities: frontiers of science, major issues, and basic research.
Remarkable contributions to the development of nuclear bomb, missile and satellite program;
Significant achievements in many key research areas related to national economy and defense, such as exploitation of Daqing Oil Field, fluorine organic plastics, cis-polybutadience, high-power microwave tube, astronomical telescope, large-scale theodolite, silicon semi-conductor devices;
Founding many new research areas in China. |
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